A Danish study enrolled adults with pneumococcal meningitis. The study also showed that if two out of four signs among headache, fever, altered mental status, and neck stiffness are absent, the diagnosis of meningitis is extremely unlikely (with a negative predictive value of 95%). Sensitivity for clinical signs like headache, vomiting, or fever was less than 30%, and for nuchal rigidity, 45%. ![]() In the study by Lucht accuracy of clinical examination for the diagnosis of meningitis in adults was reviewed. Other complaints typically reported by patients are severe headache, intensified by head movements, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. In the same study, nearly all patients had a minimum of two out of four symptoms among headache, fever, neck stiffness, and altered mental status. The classic triad of diagnostic symptoms of meningitis in adults includes fever, nuchal rigidity, and altered mental status however, only 44% of adult patients with bacterial meningitis present with all three symptoms. There are no specific symptoms that allow recognition of causative agents of bacterial meningitis based solely on history taking and examination. Typically they are present 3 to 7 days after exposure. Symptoms of bacterial meningitis, including Streptococcal, can develop either suddenly or over a few days. Group A streptococcal meningitis was diagnosed in 2% of the cases of community-acquired bacterial meningitis. viridans accounts for 0.3% to 3.0% of cases of bacterial meningitis in adults and 1% in children. Other groups of streptococci rarely cause meningitis. live births, with the highest numbers in Africa. The global incidence of invasive GBS disease in infants is 0. Late-onset disease (LOD) rates were stable in those years. live births, mainly due to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. In the U.S., from 2006 to 2015, early-onset disease (onset at 0 to 6 days of life, EOD) incidence decreased from 0.37 to 0. agalactiae is one of the leading pathogens responsible for meningitis. In the developing world, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with up to 1.0 million deaths per year in children less than five years old. pneumoniae infection is also the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children, ranging from 22.5% in Europe to 41.1% in Africa. In the U.S., the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis decreased from 0.00 people in 1997 to 0.00 people in 2010 (PCV 7 was introduced in 2000). Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common etiologic agent of bacterial meningitis in children above one month and adults of all ages. The etiologic agents causing streptococcal meningitis vary by age group.
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